My Favourite Day of the Week Free Essays

Saturdays have always been special to me. When I lived in Mexico, Saturday was the most hoped for day of the week. I remember that my cousin and I were always wishing for the school week to end and for Saturday to begin. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favourite Day of the Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every Saturday morning would start the same way: my cousin would come to my house to wake me up. Around 10 a.m. we would go out of town to my family’s ranch. Once at the ranch, we enjoyed a variety of activities. The sun shone down on us, as we lived out our wonderful Saturdays away from the city. We would play soccer, run with the dogs and sometimes hunt birds and lizards with my uncle. There were occasions when we got to help my uncle sow (plant seeds) corn or chiles. Those days were hard, but we still enjoyed them. When we came back from work, we would be rewarded with warm bowls of my grandma’s pasta and beans, accompanied by handmade tortillas and mugs of chocolate caliente (hot chocolate). After we ate our delicious feast, we would retreat to the lone pine tree behind the house to climb the branches and rest, at last. Usually in the afternoon my uncle would take us to the lake; the water was icy cold but it did not matter since there was nothing comparable to the fun that we had at the lake. There was a garden just a few miles away from the house, and often on Saturdays we would go there. Following our swim in the lake, we would eat luscious fruit from the trees. For two hours or more, we would savor sweet peaches, mangos, juicy oranges and sweet guavas. Then, we would return to the house at sunset. On our way back, my uncle would let us ride the mule, since the journey was long. At last, my family would gather around a bonfire to tell scary stories under the starry, dark sky. All of these meals and excursions were such heavenly fun—it is easy to see why Saturdays in Mexico were the most exciting days of my life. My Saturday experiences have changed since arriving in the United States. Here, there is no longer my cousin to spend the day with me; however, I have my family and a boyfriend, who always tries to make Saturdays a different experience than the rest of the week. Now on Saturday I usually wake up around 9 a.m. and take a peacefully lengthy shower. Then, I sit with my family at the table to eat a delightful breakfast that my mom prepares for us. Sometimes I go with my family to play basketball at the park, where we indulge in meals of carne asada. Once in a while we go to the beach or visit my aunt in Ontario. When we go to Ontario, my mom and I go shopping with my female cousins and my aunt. Then at noon my uncle and father cook for us and we have picnic at the park near my aunt’s house. We spend the whole day with them and return home late at night. Also, there are some Saturdays that I spend with my boyfriend. He is not only my boyfriend, he is my best friend, my companion and my comfort. The Saturdays spent with my boyfriend are even more meaningful than those spent in Ontario with my aunt and her family. My boyfriend and I go to the theater to enjoy a movie or just stay home sharing the happiness and misfortunes of the week with each other. No matter what we do, our time together makes my Saturday a special day. I prefer Saturdays over other days of the week because I find harmony within myself. My life is always filled with so many things to do; on every other day I never seem to have a minute of peace. Monday through Friday I dedicate every waking moment to school, work and community issues. On Sundays I volunteer at a museum. Therefore, Saturday is my favorite day of the week because it is wonderfully different from my routine. Additionally, on that day I have the opportunity to spend time with my family and to demonstrate my love and appreciation toward them. There could never be another day of the week like Saturday. Saturdays are exceptional for me; they represent unforgettable memories from my past that I continue to preserve in my heart and mind. I will never forget those amazing weekends with my cousin in Mexico. They are memorable moments that make my Saturdays in the United States (almost) as enjoyable. How to cite My Favourite Day of the Week, Essay examples

Brazil Essay Thesis Terry Gilliam Example For Students

Brazil Essay Thesis Terry Gilliam Brazil is often viewed as the economic giant of the Third World. Its economy and territory are larger than the rest of South Americas, and its industry is the most advanced in the developing world. Brazilian foreign debt is also the Third Worlds largest. The problem of foreign debt has plagued the Latin American economies since the 1960s, when foreign borrowing was the only way for Latin American nations to sustain economic growth. However, when international interest rates began to rise in the 1980s, the debt these nations accumulated became unmanageable. In Brazil, the debt crisis of the 1980s marked the decline of an economy that had flourished since 1967, when foreign borrowing enabled the nation to develop its own productive industries and lessen its dependence on foreign manufactured goods. Similar to other Latin American nations, Brazilian overseas borrowing between 1967 and 1981 became a drain on the economy when international interest rates rose; by 1985, its excessive borro wing resulted in economic disaster, political dissension and protest, and the rise of an opposition government in Brazil. Throughout the beginning of the twentieth century, growth of the Brazilian economy remained dependent upon agricultural exports. The twentieth century witnessed a decline in the export of sugar from the northeast of Brazil and a rise in the export of coffee from the southeast of Brazil. This concentrated economic growth and political power in the developed southeast part of the nation, particularly in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Industrial growth in this region progressed gradually, and by 1919, domestic firms supplied over 70% of the local demand for industrial products and employed over 14% of the labor force. However, by the 1980s, Brazil accumulated massive foreign debt, which ultimately caused the government to cut foreign spending and investment, drove interest rates so high that businesses could not borrow money for investment and expansion, and precipitated the bankruptcy of numerous companies, the unemployment of wage laborers, and growing social unrest. Between 1979 and 1982, the debt amassed by Brazilian banks increased from $7.7 billion to $16.1 billion. By 1982, debt-service payments were equivalent to 91% of Brazils merchandise exports, up from 51% in 1977. In mid-1988, inflation in Brazil ran above 500%, and the value of the foreign debt Brazil has to repay remains the largest in the Third World. Brazils financial situation is improving. Currently, Brazil has been able to sustain a 5% economic growth rate and is encouraging expanded foreign investment. Inflation has fallen to 1.5% a month, while United States exports to Brazil jumped by 35% last year. Rising international trade, which may culminate in a South African free-trade zone, has enabled the Brazilian economy to flourish once again. Brazils huge foreign debt, however, remains outstanding and continues to loom over its recent economic success. Bibliography:

Financial Service in the United Kingdom

Introduction The financial services industry in the UK offers three basic services. This includes paying an intermediate role between borrowers and savers. They also provide payment services. Lastly, they offer insurance against risks.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Financial Service in the United Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The financial service industry in the UK has a number of players including banks, insurance companies, saving firms, and stock exchange markets. These services are critical in facilitating the functioning of the economy. These different areas of functionality are very important to the proper functioning of the UK economy. While the financial services mentioned are fairly timeless, the characteristics of the industry and the systems offering them changes endlessly. These changes are guided by both regulatory and economic developments (Amel, Barnes, Panetta and Salleo 2004). This paper tracks the changes of a core part of the financial services industry in the UK, the banking sector, focusing on one player’s major strategic service marketing variables. The paper also explores the association between these strategic variables and theoretical principles of service marketing. The paper explores the transformation caused by technology in the economics of banking. Focus will also be directed to the deregulation of the 1970s and 80s, which freed financial institutions to take advantage of the emerging opportunities through financial innovation and globalization (Amel, Barnes, Panetta and Salleo 2004). This has led to the expansion of the banking groups. This has resulted in public-policy attention targeting the issue of the costs. This aspect has been characterized by huge and intricate institutions appearing to be very stable (Dale 1999). Banking Sector structure The structure of the United Kingdom’s banking sector is highly determined by the c hanging role of banks in the financial system and services industry over the years. By the end of the 1950s, about 100 banks offered information, collected to evaluate the working of the UKs monetary system.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sixteen clearing banks from Scotland and England controlled about  £ 8.3 billion in the form of assets (Dale 1999). This accounted for about 85 percent of the assets held by the UKs banking sector. The amount also accounted for about 30 percent of the GDP of the UK (Piesse, Peasnell and Ward 1995). Clearing banks were comparatively focused on commercial lending, deposit taking services, and the provision of payment services (Figure 1). Furthermore, they got funding from customer deposits. This included 60 percent in the form of current accounts, and 35 percent from interest-earning time deposit accounts. These deposits funded liquid and low risk assets (Piesse, Peasnell and Ward 1995). During the 1960s, 35 percent of the assets of the London clearing banks were held in treasury bills, cash, and discounted bills. A further 28 percent went to gilt-edged securities, while customer loans comprised about 30 percent (Buckle and Thompson 2004). Between the 1960s and 1970s, the assets of banks and building societies grew steadily. This could be associated with the emergence of London as an international financial center. During the same period, banks owned by foreigners experienced growth within the UK. In the late 1970s, financial establishments in the United Kingdom owned over 170 billion pounds as part of foreign currency assets. This constituted above half of their total assets. The banking institutions by foreigners concentrated on wholesale activities (Piesse, Peasnell and Ward 1995). The structure of the UK banking sector was further affected by the consolidation sector between 1960 and 2010. At present, more t han 3000 building societies and banks are allowed to accept deposits in the UK. Most of the clearing banks that were operating in the 1960s have changed ownership, and are now being owned by the largest banks in the UK (Wolgast 2001). Notably, the large banking institutions in the UK account for the largest share of the customer base. This is with respect to the deposits and lending capabilities.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Financial Service in the United Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As clearing banks continued consolidation and growth over the years, they have also adopted a wider range of functions. The established banking institutions in the UK have spread to other parts of the world. They have establishments that offer different financial services to other parts of the world (Figure 2). The UK banks have established themselves as principal international players in these markets (Singh 20 07). For example, 3 banking institutions in the United Kingdom were ranked among the best performers in various markets based on various aspects. In this case, they performed better in foreign exchange trading. They also recorded a good performance in bond underwriting. Furthermore, these banks had a good score in interest rate swaps. The expansion of the banking industry to encompass other parts of the world has been a great achievement (Piesse, Peasnell and Ward 1995). Collectively, the balance sheets of UK banks amount to more than 500 percent of the annual GDP of UK (Table 1). Much of the growth has taken place during the past one decade. Some of the well established banks had an asset base that was more than the the annual gross domestic product of the United Kingdom (Figure 3). In addition, the capacity of the banking institutions in exploiting the opportunities presented by these economies have been on the rise. For instance, previous restrictions made it impossible for the b anking institutions to thrive and adjust when necessary. Financial deregulation helped break these forces, as well as bringing into operation stronger competitive forces across the UK banking sector. This encouraged them to move to markets presenting higher margins (Christiansen Baird 1998). For this study, focus will be directed towards exploring the Barclays group, which is headquartered in London. The bank runs operations internationally, in more than 50 territories and countries across Asia, Europe, Africa, South America and North America. As of 31 December 2010, the bank held assets totaling to USD 2.33 trillion.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the fourth largest and the 6th oldest bank in the world. The focus of the bank is split into two: retail and business banking and corporate and investment banking together with investment and wealth management (Barclays Bank PLC 2011). P and (Ferran Goodhart 2001). The opportunities available in the UK banking sector The opportunities available to the banks operating within the UK banking sector of include that banks could increase their base profitability through venturing in international financial markets. This was made possible by the consolidation of the UK banking sector, which made it simpler local banks to venture beyond the local market. Another opportunity to the players within the UK banking sector is the liberalization of the banking services sector. This allows them to deliver a wider range of banking services. Particularly, in the UK, banks are allowed to offer a range of services ranging from foreign exchange trading, bond underwriting, and interest rate swaps. The incorporating of new technologies and and banking approaches in the UK banking sector has created areas of business expansion (Slattery and Nellis 2005). Examples include trading in international transfers, which are receiving most usage during the present time of international business transactions. The UK banking services market is fully developed, which offers different lines of business expansion for banking institutions within the sector (Slattery and Nellis 2005). For instance, the UK banking sector consumers are high financial services performers as compared to the banking industries of other developed nations, as well as the underdeveloped nations. The recent collapsed of weaker UK banks within the banking sector created space for more market share acquisition among the stable banking groups like Barclays. During the liquidation of collapsed banks also created an avenue for asset acquisition among the banks that remained stable during the economic downturn. Another oppo rtunity for bankers within the UK banking sector is that they are allowed to impose relatively higher interest rates, which may not be available at other national banking markets. The threats facing the UK banking sector The marketing strategy of the Barclays group is primarily based on implementing a product development and market penetration that captures the current account market portion of the banks that have been weakened by the economic crisis. The group’s strategy. The acquisition of the assets, as well as the business of collapsed banks, which collapsed during the crisis, could prove to be a significant error, despite its positive side, in case the economic downturn prolongs. In the UK banking sector, bankers face the threat of legal suits, in case they fall victim to the situation of moving loss-making investments related to the sub-prime market of their accounts. There is a threat that customers may opt to move to bankers who are more specialized due to shift to mo re universal banking service delivery. Despite that, they are few in the UK. Another UK banking sector threat facing the UK bankers is that banks are in a less strong situation as compared to industry leaders at their overseas operations centers. PESTEL Analysis The political structure in the country favors the banking industry. This is because politics in the country do not affect business activities in the country. The country is politically neutral, and accepts people from different political backgrounds. The economy of the country is vibrant because there is a lot of income from oil. The economy of the country is supported by investors from other countries. The banking industry has grown tremendously because there are many business activities. Technology in the country is high because the government has encouraged the adoption of modern technologies. The government has established strategies to encourage the use of technologies in all industries. The social factors encourage the use of banking services. Most businesses are large enterprises and there is need to use banking services to conduct corporate businesses. The legal systems have supported businesses in the country because businesses are protected against illegal activities. Commonalities and differences service marketing strategies of the major players within the UK banking sector The commonalities of service marketing strategies existing between the major players within the UK banking sector include the adoption of a service model that focus on individual banking, as opposed to corporate banking. Some of the major layers in the industry are HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland Group, Lloyds Banking Group and Barclays among others. Standard Chartered In this case, the underlying fact is that these players are developing services that are customer-population oriented. For this reason, the focus of many players is savings products, current and transaction accounts, small business lending, consumer lending, l arge business lending, and mortgage lending. Among the products that are not offered by many of the major players include security lending and security insurance. These major players are also similar in the area of value delivery to their employees. The services included in this case are employee development, neighborhood improvement projects, and employee retention. Through these services, the major players seek to create a favorable image among the customer population, as well as offer high value services by keeping their employees motivated (Moran 1991). Among the main players, there was a commonality that all were in pursuit of setting profit levels that were not necessarily exorbitant. However, this was for those that could enable them to continue service provision and product development. The different players also employed an integrated strategy, where market and non-market components are incorporated into service and product development. In essence, these banks research both the market, as well as the non-market environment for strategies (corporate social responsibility), implementation coordination and strategy formulation (Moran 1991). Differences in service marketing strategies among major players within the UK banking sector include that the outlook of investing in international markets is not shared among all. In essence, the international investing outlook of the different major players differs, in that some are more reserved than others. For example, Barclays and HSBC hold a fairer outlook, have invested more in international diversified than the other major parties (Turner 2010). This is mainly the case, when focus is placed on investing in developing countries. In the area of diversification through acquisitions, some players like Barclays were more open to acquiring collapsed industry players. That was the case, especially after the crisis, where Barclays as compared to others was more open to acquisition negotiations. For instance, Barclays ventured in a partial acquisition of Lehman’s despite fears among other major players, that in case the crisis prolonged, the move would prove detrimental. Another fundamental difference is evident in their price setting outlook, as players like Barclays were more likely to enforce questionable interest rates as compared to the others. The focus of these other major sector players was imposing rates that will allow for service continuity. For example, Barclays faced the threat of a legal suit, contesting the interest rates it had imposed. Marketing strategy of Barclays Bank Then, also, focuses on the development of products that counter non-traditional financial institutions. An example was the group’s launch of a prepaid card service, which marked a milestone in the current account market. Like before, the group’s strategy entails trying innovative sales and marketing mechanisms at London, which it uses to stage entry into its overseas market. The group has hi storically identified with the use of a differentiation strategy, which allows it to capture a larger market share from industry players that are weakening. Key strategic service marketing issues for Barclays Bank, during the next 5 years In the area of market positioning – which entails imposing the company and its services among the customers – Barclays positions itself in differentiating ways, which enables it to remain a competitive brand within the UK banking sector. The bank has done this by ensuring that it remains a truly, globally linked bank, which incorporates its international networks in service development. In the area of market segmenting and targeting, Barclays focuses on addressing the needs of customers will similarly pressing needs and wants. For instance, it recently launched the student card service, which offers value to the segment, and an area which has not been exhausted by its competitors (Devlin 2005). Regarding the future of Barclay’s positioning and market segment in, the bank will remain a competitive banker as it launches its services and products after duration of effectiveness testing. For example, the student card services were tested at UK alone for over six months before it could be extended to other markets. From the bank’s market outlook, it has secured its future by capturing the market of collapsed competitors like Lehman’s. By doing that, the bank expands its customer coverage, and it’s more market influence for future competitiveness (Devlin 2005). Among the key strategic marketing issues of the bank is the area of researched product development. For instance, before developing the student card, the bank sought to encourage prudence in spending, by reducing levels of overspending. The bank has also capitalized on the strategic development of banking services with unique features (Fletcher 1985). An example is the case of their prepaid cards: budget manager and financial manager , which are designed to enable customers transfer their their spendable money from the bank to the card. Other banking services that will form part of the future of Barclays banking services is online banking, which allows customers the flexibility to change their standing orders as well as the amounts to be transferred to the spending account. Based on PESTLE analysis, Barclay Banks price setting is guided by a number of factors. These factors include profit maximization, survival, market share maximization, personal objectives, and social considerations (Fletcher 1985). These factors help the bank establish the balance between price reduction and ensuring business success, which is a strategic marketing service issue, which is likely to keep the bank ahead of its competition in the future. In ensuring that it keeps its competitiveness among customers, the bank has invested in the development of its employee-base, to ensure that they attend to customers as the bank would expect. Th rough these strategies, the bank will be able to reach its customers as well as address their changing, unique needs in the future. The relationship between the service marketing issues identified and theoretical principles of service marketing The principle of service marketing place emphasis on the fact that services differ from other products in a number of ways (Lovelock and Wright 2001). These ways include that services are comparatively more heterogeneous and unchangeable in their very nature. Therefore, due to these characteristics, it is important for a service delivery organization to develop marketing and management approaches that differentiate them from competitors. Bearing in mind that the banking sector is primarily service based, the players within the UK banking sector have sought differentiation based on customer outlook (Brockman and Morgan 2003). For example, in the case of Barclays bank, the management has continually worked on the development of services that ar e unique from those of their competitors. An example is the case of the student card, which is designed to limit and control the expenditure of the bank customers. Through service differentiation, it is clear that the bank will receive familiarity among its customers as well as potential customers. Therefore, the link between service marketing issues and principles of service marketing is the ability to break the homogeneity that is perceived between different services (Lovelock and Wright 2001). In the case of Barclay bank, they have been able to achieve in many cases, therefore, remaining highly competitive in the UK banking sector (Christiansen and 1998). Conclusion The UK financial services industry provides three basic services including intermediation between borrowers and savers, payment services and offering insurance against risks. These service areas are very important to the effective functioning of the UK economy as they touch on various critical areas, including product ion. However, due to technological and regulatory changes, the structure and the nature of the systems offering them changes constantly, which forces industry players to review market approaches. The UK banking sector, which has changed in structure, market coverage and its contribution to the UK’s GDP are of great importance to the financial services industry are. The structure of the sector has changed due to technological and regulatory changes, resulting in opportunities and threats among the sector players. The opportunities include the expansion of service sin to the international market, and the collapse of market players, which created further market. The threats facing the sector include the adverse nature of acquisitions during financial crises and the threat of customer preference for institutions more specialized in their service delivery. The commonalities existing among major industry players in the areas of service marketing include the imposition of rates that can sustain continuation of service delivery. Among the differences in service marketing strategies evident among major sector players are that some place focus on developing services with the customer in mind. The marketing strategy of Barclays relies on market positioning and differentiation, to ensure that they keep a major portion of the UK banking services market. The relationship between service marketing issues and the theoretical principles of service marketing is that – service institutions should ensure that they differentiate their services, so as to overcome the hurdle of service homogeneity. Reference List Amel, D Barnes, C Panetta, F and Salleo, C 2004, Consolidation and efficiency in the financial sector: a review of the international evidence, Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 2,493–5102. Barclays Bank PLC 2011, Barclays Bank PLC: Annual Report 2011. Web. Brockman, BK Morgan RM 2003, The role of existing knowledge in new product inn ovativeness and performance, Admin. SCI. Quart., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 385-419. Buckle, M Thompson, J 2004, The UK financial system: theory and practice, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester. Christiansen, CM Baird, B 1998, Cultivating capabilities to innovate: Booz-Allen Hamilton. HBS Case 9-698-027, Harvard Business School, Boston. Dale, BG 1999, Managing Quality, Blackwell, Boston, MA. Devlin, J 2005, A Detailed Study of Financial Exclusion in the UK, Journal of Consumer Policy, vol. 28, no. 1. pp. 75-108. Ferran, E Goodhart, C 2001, Regulating Financial Services and Markets in the 21st Century, Hart Pub., Oxford. Fletcher, F 1985, Getting the credit: an analysis of consumer financial services in the UK, Economist Publications, London. Lovelock, C and Wright, L 2001, Principles of service marketing and management, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Moran, M 1991, The politics of the financial services revolution: the USA, UK, and Japan, Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Ha mpshire. Piesse, J Peasnell, K and Ward, C 1995, British financial markets and institutions. An international perspective, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Singh, D 2007, Banking regulation of UK financial markets, Ashgate, Aldershot. Slattery, D and Nellis, J 2005, Product development in UK retail banking – Developing a market-oriented approach in a rapidly changing regulatory environment, International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 90-106. Stationery Office U.K. 2009, Legislative Scrutiny: Financial Services Bill and the Pre-budget Report Third Report of Session 2009-10 Report, Together With Formal Minutes and Appendices House of Lords Paper 21 Session 2009-10, The Stationery Office/Tso, London. Turner, A 2010, The future of finance: the LSE report, London School of Economics Political Science, London. Wolgast, M 2001, The Cruickshank report on competition in UK banking: Assessment and implications, Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 161-170. Appendix Table 1: Peer rankings of UK banking groups in selected market segments 2010 International bonds Corporate bonds Foreign exchange Interest rate swaps Barclays 1 4 3 1 HSBC 4 8 7 – RBS 8 10 5 3 Source: Slattery and Nellis (2005) Figure 1: Financial intimidation during 1958 (Figures in  £ billions) Figure 2: Lending and Deposit-taking services by clearing banks 1960 and 2010 (Percentages of total deposits and loans) Figure 3: UK bank’s sources of earnings This coursework on Financial Service in the United Kingdom was written and submitted by user Alexis I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gout and Pseudogout essays

Gout and Pseudogout essays Gout and Pseudogout are inflammatory arthritis that can be caused by monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal formation in joints. An excess of uric acid in the body causes this conditions. This excess can be caused by an increase in production of uric acid by the body, by under-elimination of uric acid by the kidneys or by increased intake of foods containing purines, which are metabolized to uric acid in the body. With time, elevated levels of uric acid in the blood may lead to deposits around joints. Eventually, the uric acid may form needle-like crystals in joints, leading to acute gout attacks. After a time, this excess of uric acid usually causes painful joint inflammation (arthritis). In addition to the arthritis, gout causes the formation of tophi, which are lumpy deposits of uric acid crystals. Acute gout episodes affect peripheral joints such as feet and hands, and last up to 10 days, whereas pseudogout affects intermediate joints such as knees, shoulder s and wrists, and has more prolonged effects. Prevalence of gout is 6 times more common in men than women. In geriatric patients, women are mainly affected after the menopause. Gout can be suspected if the first toe joint is inflamed or the level of uric acid in the blood is higher than 9mg/100 ml. Geriatric patients who are taking diuretics are also at the high risk of getting gouty attacks. The definitive diagnosis of gout is dependent on finding uric acid crystals in the joint fluid during an acute attack. However, uric acid levels in the blood alone are often misleading and may be transiently normal or even low. Clinical presentations and imaging of the affected joints can be helpful for diagnosis of gout and pseudogout. The goals of treatment for gout consist of alleviating pain, avoiding severe attacks in the future, and preventing long-term joint damage. Colchicine has been the standard treatment for acute gout. While colchicine is very effect ...

The Effects of Diabetes on Aging Adults Research Paper

The Effects of Diabetes on Aging Adults - Research Paper Example This paper gives an understanding of diabetes in older adults and the needs for nutrition, exercise and care. The Effect of Diabetes on the Aging Adult As adults age, there are many factors that they must take into consideration to make sure that they age gracefully. Many adults find that as they age, they are met with issues that they may not have had when they were younger. As an example, adults who are not active will sometimes run the risk of arthritis and other bone or joint ailments. Their doctor may tell them that they must continue to do exercise because it will help some types of arthritis. Adults can also find that they gain weight easier or that weight is more difficult to take off as they grow older. These are natural aspects of aging, but they do not have to be long lasting. In looking at the area of nutrition and aging, this researcher has chosen to study the idea of diabetes in the aging population. Defining Diabetes Type 2 diabetes also known as adult onset diabetes, is a chronic condition and it affects the way that the body processes sugar or glucose, which is the body's main source fuel (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Basically, this means that a person's body has a resistance to the hormone insulin that is responsible for moving glucose through the body. Some people do not produce enough insulin to maintain a glucose level within normal ranges. Both of these conditions are a product of Type 2 diabetes. Although there is no cure for the disease, there are many ways that an individual can manage it. There are many symptoms that people may ignore because they may not create a problem for them. These symptoms include: 1. Increased thirst and/or frequent urination -- this happens when sugar builds up in the bloodstream. Fluid is taken from the tissues to compensate and this can result in the individual becoming very thirsty. 2. Increased hunger -- the muscles and organs lose energy when they do not have enough insulin and this increases hunger. 3. Lose of w eight -- many people lose weight because the body does not use glucose properly. The body will use any fuel it can get which means it will look to what is stored in the muscles and fat. 4. Fatigue -- people with Type 2 diabetes often report that they are tired and irritable. 5. Blurred vision -- this is an indication that the sugar in the body is too high. When this happens, fluid is taken from the eyes so the vision is blurred. 6. Slow healing sores or frequent infections -- if this occurs it is best to talk to a doctor because it is a symptom that happens in people who have diabetes. 7. Areas of darkened skin -- people with Type 2 diabetes may find darkened areas in their armpits or around their neck. This could be a sign that the individual is resistant to insulin (Mayo Clinic). An individual is more likely to develop diabetes as they age if they fit into several categories: 1. They are over 45 years of age. 2. They have high blood pressure. 3. They are obese. 4. They have a fami ly history of diabetes and are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian American or Pacific Islander. 5. Have blood vessel problems that affect their legs, heart or brain. 6. Have abnormal cholesterol (lipid) levels. (National Diabetes Education Program). Demographics of Older Adults with Diabetes When an adult is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important for them to go to a doctor to find out whether they have diabetes. According to

Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe Essay

Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe - Essay Example ationship amongst the various processes of production, distribution, consumption and exchange, it was, nevertheless unable to visualize the importance of creating facilitating environment of growth through incentives to farmers. The farmers were therefore forced to produce not for profit but for sustenance. Another key factor that contributed to the decline of feudalism was its tendency to encourage population growth for both the peasants and the feudal lords (Dobb, 1963). The large peasant family helped in farming but it led to defragmentation of land holding and lower production in the long run. The enlarged family of local rulers strengthened their political power as the family members were absorbed in the military. This again put pressure on the farmers as surplus was used to support growing number of military. The enlarged family of rulers also witnessed reduced power as land was divided amongst larger number of inheritors. In order to strengthen the position of feudal lords, th e major states of Western Europe like Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. raised taxes and appropriation on surplus that led to the widespread revolt of the peasant (Maddison, 2007). The revolt of peasants was joined by the proletarian class which significantly helped in the fall of feudal system in Western Europe. All these factors became key issues for the decline for feudal system in Western Europe. 3. Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe in 17th to 19th century One of the most important factors that had emerged from the fall of feudalism was the development of bartering economy and expansion of trade over larger geographical areas (Ingram, 2008). The money was minted and used for payments in various economic activities like sale and purchase/ lease/ rent of land, goods and... The enlarged family of local rulers strengthened their political power as the family members were absorbed in the military. This again put pressure on the farmers as surplus was used to support growing number of military. The enlarged family of rulers also witnessed reduced power as land was divided amongst larger number of inheritors. In order to strengthen the position of feudal lords, the major states of Western Europe like Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. raised taxes and appropriation on surplus that led to the widespread revolt of the peasant (Maddison, 2007). The revolt of peasants was joined by the proletarian class which significantly helped in the fall of feudal system in Western Europe. All these factors became key issues for the decline for feudal system in Western Europe.3.   Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe in 17th to 19th century  One of the most important factors that had emerged from the fall of feudalism was the development of bartering economy and expansion of trade over larger geographical areas (Ingram, 2008). The money was minted and used for payments in various economic activities like sale and purchase/ lease/ rent of land, goods and services. The peasants and farm workers were more motivated because of wage based labour. Most importantly, the payment system in standardized form of money made it easy to switch the occupation, the feudal soldiers and serfs could now be replaced with paid soldiers and peasants boasting greater skills. It helped to highlight the importance of labour.

Economic System Of Pakistan Economics Essay

Economic System Of Pakistan Economics Essay Pakistan is among some of developing countries who have achieved an average growth rate over 5. Pakistan economy has been emerged as an economy with 27th largest in world in term of Nominal. Pakistan has a mixed economy, major decisions are taken by Government and private enterprise, and also economy is exercised by these both sectors. Pakistan economy also depends on its industrialized sector like agriculture, textile etc. Pakistan came in being in 1947 and that time to the fifth decade of it the growth rate of it higher than the worlds economy at that time. In the decade of 1960 Pakistan was considered as a model f economic progression throughout the world. It was so much appreciated due to its economic development. Its yearly average growth rate at that time was 6.8 %. Karachi was the most dominant city who was participating god role for increasing the GDP rate and many others cities copied him and South Korea was one of them. Pakistan economy was down in the decade of 197 t0 1990 due to mismanagement of fiscal policy. But again it was recovered by policy of deregulation. This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Pakistan at market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund with figures in millions of Pakistani Rupees. Year Gross Domestic Product US Dollar Exchange Inflation Index (2000=100) Per Capita Income (as  % of USA) 1960 20,058 4.76 Pakistani Rupees 3.37 1965 31,740 4.76 Pakistani Rupees 3.40 1970 51,355 4.76 Pakistani Rupees 3.26 1975 131,330 9.91 Pakistani Rupees 2.36 1978 283,460 9.97 Pakistani Rupees 21 2.83 1985 569,114 16.28 Pakistani Rupees 30 2.07 1990 1,029,093 21.41 Pakistani Rupees 41 1.92 1995 2,268,461 30.62 Pakistani Rupees 68 2.16 2000 3,826,111 51.64 Pakistani Rupees 100 1.54 2005 6,581,103 59.86 Pakistani Rupees 126 1.71 2Government of Pakistan has made considerable economic policies and also made new jobs and also trying for reduction the poverty using their scarce resources. Government are working effectively and collecting the taxes from all types of communities whether they are elite or middle and by using these taxes making the new products hence unemployment is decreasing, output growth rate is increasing and poverty is also decreasing. Pakistan is exporting more than before, they are producing double than 1990, they are trying to improve their ports and there roads in which easily transactions can be transported. Pakistan is getting benefits from agricultures trade, and country expects to get more and more profit from trade. Pakistan is also progressing by using their resources effectively like using CNG instead of petrol, Hence the import of oil from other countries has been decreased and the cost f many other things also be decreased. Now CNG has taken place in many fields like automobiles. Pakistan has become the 85th country among 181 countries in flagship report. Pakistan is better than china and Russia and also comes highest in South Asia. Pakistan Government investing more in IT department and making their business more mobile. But Now Pakistan economy is going to dogs due to inflation and other economic crisis, Pakistan Economy has to face a crisis like Balance of payment. In year 2008 Pakistan had been bailed out by monetary funds to repay your loans that were increase $ 7.6 billion to $ 11.3 billion. Pakistan economy condition in 2000 was the best condition that it had ever because that time it was emerged due to its spectacular growth, average GDP was 7% between 2003 to 2007.In October 2007 Pakistan revenue increased and become $ 13 billion due to increased in exports to $ 18 billons. Hence it was a turning point for Pakistan economy because $ 8.4 billion had been invested by foreigners. Depression phase of Pakistan economy was 2008 because this time was a grea t terrorism. Terrorism had very bad impact on the overall economy, value of money decreased, growth of output rate decreased. Everyone felt thread and investment f foreigners also decreased hence devaluation of rupee occurred. Political environment also the reason f this situation, the average of inflation n 2011 was 5 % to 7 %. 3Economic comparison of Pakistan 1999-2008 Indicator 1999 2007 2008 2009 GDP $ 75 billion $ 160 billion $ 170 billion $ 185 billion GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) $ 270 billion $ 475.5 billion $ 504 billion $ 545.6 billion GDP per Capita Income $ 450 $ 925 $1085 $1250 Revenue collection Rs. 305 billion Rs. 708 billion Rs. 990 billion Rs. 1.05 trillion Foreign reserves $ 1.96 billion $ 16.4 billion $ 8.89 billion $ 17.21 billion Exports $ 7.5 billion $ 18.5 billion $ 19.22 billion $ 18.45 billion Textile Exports $ 5.5 billion $ 11.2 billion KHI stock exchange (100-Index) $ 5 billion at 700 points $ 75 billion at 14,000 points $ 46 billion at 9,300 points $ 26.5 billion at 9,000 points Foreign Direct Investment $ 1 billion $ 8.4 billion $ 5.19 billion $ 4.6 billion External Debt Liabilities $ 39 billion $ 40.17 billion $ 45.9 billion $ 50.1 billion Poverty level 34% 24% Literacy rate 45% 53% Development programs Rs. 80 billion Rs. 520 billion Rs. 549.7 billion Rs. 621 billion Major part Pakistan income consists of its agriculture products and it produces a huge amount of following objects presented by FOASTAT and the ranking of producing these products are given below: No of objects Food Rank 01 Seed 3rd 02 Sugarcane 5th 03 Rice 11th 04 Wheat   10th 05 Onion 4th 06 Dates 5th 07 Cotton 4th 08 Mango 6th 09 Buffalo Milk   2nd 10 Oranges 11th 11 Chickpea 3rd 12 Apricot 3rd 4Pakistan foremost Natural resources are its land and rivers according to a survey Pakistans 25 % land for cultivation and it is watered by the canals, rivers and some other ways. Pakistan merchandise exports are the part f industrial sector and according to the accountants Pakistan 24 % GDP and 64 % merchandise export relies on this sector. There are some others industries involve like cements, chemical, surgical etc. 250px-Manufacturing_by_Province.jpg Small business has great impact on the overall economy of a country; here is also same thing SME has contributed more than 40 % in the economy of the country. It also reduced the unemployment, use the skilled people and increased the growth rate of output. Small businesses are running almost 90 % enterprises and also make the jobs for people about 80 percent. Pakistan is also improving auto mobile industry and investing in it. It also contributes the GDP like 2.8 percent. In 2010 Pakistan is on number one that used CNG. Almost 3000 CNG pumps are running in the country and more than 2000 are in under construction. Pakistan is a country that is rewarded by its natural resources like rivers, cultivated land, mountains and many other minerals. Among them one of the significant mineral is mining, using their own resources like labor; It etc Pakistan has been found a most dominant country in this field. According to a survey at least 6, 00,000km 2 areas have metallic and non metallic commodities. Recently, a mining survey explores an ample which is the evidence of great minerals. In 1995, minerals policy took a step and said we will explore ourselves and call foreigners investors and it was favorably answered and now four projects are going for finding some new minerals.  [5]  250px-Service_Sector_by_Province.jpg Pakistan serves sector is also trying to improve GDP yet also they are contributing about 53 percent. Pakistan is also improving their IT department by investing more because it can make them more efficient and effective. The massive part of economy is gradually grow towards telecommunication according to a survey Pakistan has more than 18 million internet networks and 91 million mobile users in 2008. Banks are also providing massive amount to the people and industries for investing more and more, it is a good sign because money is continually flowing and the value f money could be increased. There was a very horrible situation in banking sectors in 2008; inspite of that Pakistan banking sector was massively enough determent at that situation. Pakistan is not using their resources rightly in case of electricity, due t this disease a lot of small business has to shut down and hence unemployment also increase. Like other countries Pakistan also has not good planning how to secure our i ncreasing population.